Usually made of iron and steel materials, such as drill, pick, hammer, pliers, wrench, spreader and other tools and equipment in its violent action or accidental fall when the friction, impact spark is a hidden source of ignition, so these tools can not be used in explosion dangerous places.
Tools (equipment) used in explosive hazardous places must be made of special materials that do not cause friction, impact sparks, or even produce hot high-temperature surfaces. Such tools are called explosion-proof tools.
Steel material has high strength and hardness, suitable for manufacturing tools, and the strength and hardness of steel increases with the increase of carbon content.
However, the study of the mechanism of friction sparks in steel materials shows that it is precisely the carbon contained in steel that is the source of friction sparks.
In order to eliminate the friction of tools and impact sparks, people turned the direction of material selection to steel.

Steel is used as an explosion-proof tool and has two significant differences compared with steel:
First, it does not contain carbon. There is no oxygen-iron-carbon reaction chain, so there is no spark.
Second, the strength and hardness of steel are relatively low, and the thermal conductivity is higher than that of steel. When friction or impact occurs, the local friction points will undergo plastic deformation to avoid the concentration of friction energy on individual contact points, coupled with the high thermal conductivity of the material, The heat generated by friction is quickly dispersed to the matrix to reduce the risk of hot and high temperature at the friction impact point.
The above two points are the explosion-proof mechanism of steel (copper alloy) tools.
However, the strength and hardness of pure copper are too low to be directly used as tools. It is necessary to add appropriate elements such as beryllium, aluminum, titanium, nickel, magnesium, etc. to melt into copper-based alloys to improve its strength and hardness.
However, when the strength and hardness are increased, the second characteristic of the aforementioned steel on explosion-proof tools is in danger of weakening or disappearing. As a result, people further explore the "best of both worlds" of the technical approach.
This is the requirement of the prepared copper-based alloy at room temperature with high strength and hardness, once by friction, impact, the temperature rises to a certain extent, the copper-based alloy of the gold-phase tissue phase change and transformed into low strength and plastic deformation and even wear and tear.
At this time, the metal friction resistance on the local friction surface decreases, and the maximum temperature of friction and impact is limited to the alloy phase change temperature, which becomes an explosion-proof alloy that cannot ignite explosive mixtures. Foreign known as non-hazardous spark metal.
At present, many copper-based alloys such as hinged bronze, aluminum bronze and J892 copper alloy have been successfully applied to explosion-proof tools in industry.

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